5.WRITING AN INTRODUCTION AND A CONCLUSION
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An effective introduction explains the purpose and scope of the paper to the reader. The conclusion should provide a clear answer to any question asked in the title, as well as summarizing the main points.
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1. A common framework in an introduction
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In an introduction depends on the type of research a person is conducting, but a common framework is:
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a. Definition of key terms, if needed.
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b. Relevant background information.
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c. Review of work by other writers on the topic.
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d. Purpose or aim of the paper.
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e. Your methods and the results you found.
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f. Any limitations you imposed.
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g The organization of your work.
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Ex 5. Agree or disagree with the following statements which are considered to be parts of introduction:
- Background information or explanation
- An interesting story or event
- Some surprising information (a hook- a sentence or two to catch the reader’s attention)
- A quotation or saying
- An unusual fact or some surprising statistic
- The beginning of a story
- A question (tricky to use affectively).
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2.Parts of a conclusion
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- summary of the main points of the essay
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- no new arguments or important information
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- the arguments (made in the body of the essay) can be logically extended by making recommendation or prediction
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- it’s not a novel; there are no surprising endings
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- the best thing is if the conclusion can be tied back to introduction (hard to write)
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- summary of the main points of the essay
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- no new arguments or important information
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- the arguments (made in the body of the essay) can be logically extended by making recommendation or prediction
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- it’s not a novel; there are no surprising endings
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- the best thing is if the conclusion can be tied back to introduction
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Ex 6. Read the example of an article conclusion and find the parts mentioned in the table.
In this article I showed what reconciliation means in the TJ process. After having presented the conceptual shifts within TJ, I explained the different perspectives that often occur regarding the usage of the reconciliation concept in TJ literature. By giving an extended definition of reconciliation as a process aimed at the creation of peace by engaging the relations between victims and perpetrators of a former conflict, and acknowledging past crimes, as well as envisioning and working towards a common future by using creative measures that integrate seemingly contradictory requirements of building peace, I tried to fill this gap. The assessment of the practical measures showed how reconciliation is related to those measures, and can be helpful whenever they are used or described in empirical cases. The result was a division into measures that have a rather negative impact on the reconciliation process, like amnesias, amnesties, and the establishment of tribunals, as well as measures that bring forward the reconciliation process, like reparations, apologies, and the establishment of truth commissions. The understanding of the mechanism of reconciliation will help frame the theoretical concept of TJ, especially for scholars with a legal background. Furthermore, it can be used as a theoretical basis for further (comparative) empirical research on the mechanisms and effects of the different practical measures of TJ. ()