APPENDIX 1

APPENDIX 1

SUMMARIZING THE GIVEN INFORMATION

(graph, table, chart or diagram)

 

The general structure of an overview:

 

Introduction

Introduce the graph (ideally 1-2 sentences).

General overview

Develop your point, giving reasons and supporting them with appropriate examples.

Specific features

Group the given data by some feature. Then describe each feature.

Sum up the ideas and give your final thoughts on the problem. They should not differ from those in the introduction.

 

Vocabulary to describe graphs

Types of changes

Nouns

a rise (of)

an increase (of)

a growth (of)

a peak (of)

a surge (of)

Example: a rise of prices

a fall (in)

a decrease (in)

a decline (in)

a dip (in)

Example: a fall in prices

a fluctuation (of)

a variation (in)

Example: a fluctuation of prices

 

Verbs

to rise

to increase

to surge

to grow

to peak

 

 

to fall

to decrease

to decline

to dip

to dive

to plunge

to fluctuate

to vary

Large falls: to plummet

 

Large rises:

to rocket

to soar

to leap (->leapt)

 

Description of changes

 

Adverbs

Adjectives

sharply

suddenly

rapidly

abruptly

dramatically

significantly

considerably

markedly

wildly

 

Example: the prices rose

 

sharply

slightly

gently

gradually

steadily

modestly

marginally

Example: the prices increased modestly

 

sharp

sudden

rapid

abrupt

dramatic

steep

significant

considerable

marked

substantial

spectacular

 

Example: there was a considerable growth

 

slight

gentle

gradual

steady

consistent

modest

marginal

 

Useful phrases

Introducing the graph

 

The graph/table/pie chart/bar chart/diagram ...

gives information about/on ...

provides information about/on ...

shows ...

illustrates ...

compares ...

explains why ...

describes ...

draws the conclusion of (a survey) ...

a small fraction, a small number, a small minority

a large portion, a significant majority

nearly a fifth, almost 10%, in region of 40%, more than a half, over a quarter, around two thirds, more or less three quarters, exactly one in ten, approximately a third

 

Linking structures

Listing

firstly, secondly, thirdly

first, furthermore, finally

to begin, to conclude

next

 

Reinforcement

also

furthermore

moreover

what is more

in addition

besides

above all

as well (as)

in the same way

not only ... but also

 

Deduction

then

in other words

in that case

otherwise

this implies that ...

if so/not

 

Expressing an alternative

alternatively

rather

on the other hand

the alternative is

another possibility would be

 

 

Similarity

equally

likewise

similarly

correspondingly

in the same way

 

 

Giving examples

for example

for instance

as follows:

that is

in this case

namely

in other words

 

Result/consequence

so

therefore

as a result/consequence

accordingly

consequently

because of this/that

thus

hence

for this/that reason

so that

in that case

under these circumstances

 

Concession (smth. unexpected)

even though

however

however much

nevertheless

still

yet

 

 

 

 

 

Stating the obvious

obviously

clearly

naturally

of course

as can be expected

surely

after all

 

Generalising

on the whole

as a rule

for the most part

in most cases

generally

 

Highlighting

in particular

particularly

especially

mainly

 

Reformulation

in other words

rather

to put it more simply

 

Transition to new point

now,

as far as x is concerned

with regard/reference to

as for ...

it follows that

turning to

 

Contrast

instead

conversely

on the contrary

in contrast

in comparison

 

 

 

 

Summary

in conclusion

to conclude

in brief

to summarise

overall

therefore

   

An example of describing a diagram

1. Introduction

The diagram explains the way in which steel rods are produced for the furniture industry.

The diagram shows the process of metal rods production for the furniture industry.

 2. Overview

Overall, the process consists of eleven stages, beginning with the raw material and ending up with the product’s inspection.

3. Specific features

First of all, iron ore, yellow ore and carbon are collected to serve as a raw material for steel rods manufacturing. After that, the raw material is melted in a melting slit, where it is heated to a temperature in range of 1300-1500 °C. The melted mass is then transferred to a smelting cabin to undergo refinement. Next, the candescent metal is put in a pouring machine and poured into ingots.

In the next stage, the ingots are connected to a cooling reservoir, where the temperature falls to 60-100 °C. Metal goes through special nozzles and cools down, forming strands. Following this, the metal strands proceed to rollers that change their shape. Next, the products are put into a heating machine, where they undergo heat treatment. Subsequently, a measuring automaton completes a surface check of the products.

After that, the metal rods are sized by special cutters and get ID stamping. Finally, the products undergo inspection and are ready for use.

4. Sum up the ideas and give your final thoughts on the problem.

 

Last modified: Tuesday, 4 February 2020, 2:04 PM