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3. LINKING PARAGRAPHS TOGETHER
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Each new paragraph begins with a phrase that links it to the previous paragraph, in order to maintain continuity of argument:
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- Despite this (i.e. the lack of a conclusive link)
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- All these claims (i.e. arguments in favour of the previous idea)
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In order to begin a new topic you may use:
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- Turning to the issue of . . .
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- Some (points, elements, arguments…)must also be examined . . .
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- . . . is another area for consideration
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Paragraphs can also be introduced with adverbs:
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- Traditionally, few examples were . . .
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- Finally, the performance of . . .
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The following expressions make up links and connectors accounting for
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a). Conjuncting
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b). Adjuncting
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c). Correlating
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d). Opposing
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e). Orientating
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f). Coordinating
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g). Determining
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Ex 3. Put these phrases under a corresponding title:
ahead, against, in order to, though, regardless, unless, concerning, notwithstanding; but, if, hence, since, rather than, namely, that is, above/ after all, aside, besides, according to, consequently, furthermore, according/ due to, because, nevertheless, regarding, respectively, with, without away, as well, counter, whether, only, versus, next, now, vice versa, otherwise, whereas, aside, back, backward, behind, neither, against, between, here, to trans-, under, up, upon, via, where, within, therefore, which, despite, after, still, while, as yet , such, with respect to, each, other, the same, something, what, whose, why, thereby, thus
a)…
b)…
c)…
d)…
e)…
f)…
g)…
Ex 4. Analyze the text and say what linking phrases are used to maintain continuity of argument.
We assume that the establishment of international human rights treaties can be viewed from two perspectives. Firstly, treaty formation could be analogized as a way of codifying this principle and that a successfully functioning international human rights system can result in fewer externalities for other states and the international community. This takes a regulatory perspective. Secondly, we could analogize treaties as agreements relating to human rights protection and with a goal of fewer externalities. This takes a contractual perspective. Given that states parties to such treaties commit to providing their citizens with a treaty-mandated level of human rights protection, and, assuming those commitments are genuine, we would anticipate fewer externalities among states parties. Thus, for example, fewer refugees will leave states that fail to adhere to their treaty obligations and move to states that don’t violate those obligations or to refugee camps or internally displaced persons camps. (https://ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de/volltexte/2014/6782/pdf/dissertation.pdf)