every dam, large or small, is quite unique; foundation geology, material characteristics, catchment flood hydrology etc. are each site- specific. 


dams are required to function at or close to their design loading for extended periods. 


dams do not have a structural lifespan; they may, however, have a notional life for accounting purposes, or a functional lifespan dictated by reservoir sedimentation.

the overwhelming majority of dams are of earthfill, constructed from a range of natural soils; these are the least consistent of construction materials. 


dam engineering draws together a range of disciplines, e.g. structural and fluid mechanics, geology and geotechnics, flood hydrology and hydraulics, to a quite unique degree.

the engineering of dams is critically dependent upon the application of informed engineering judgement.