Ex.1.3. Read and translate the following text.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRADE AND COMMERCE

Trade vs. Commerce

Trade is a narrow term that consists of the selling and buying, whereas commerce is an extensive term that includes exchange as well as the certain revenues generating activities that complete the exchange. Trade means buying and selling of products and services in return for money or money’s worth, whereas commerce is concerned with facilitating the exchange of goods and services in the economy. Trade occurs when products between two parties have been exchanged for the money or its equivalent, on the other hand commerce is not merely the exchange of goods and services, but also all other activities that are necessary for the effective exchange like transport, insurance, banking or advertising. Trade is generally made to satisfy the need of both the seller and the buyer, which is more of a collective perspective, whereas commerce is more economical because of the involvement of several parties whose main aim is to achieve the revenue. Trade is generally a single time activity among the parties that may or may not lapse, whereas in commerce the transactions are formal and occur again and again.

What is Trade? 

Trade is the act or an instance of buying and selling products and services either on the home markets or on the international markets. Trade is the activity of buying, selling, or exchanging products or services between people, firms, or countries. It is a particular area of business or industry. It is a particular job, especially one needing special skills with your hands. Trade is the kind of effort that they do, especially when they have been trained to do it over some time. When people, firms, or community trade, they buy, sell, or exchange goods or services between themselves. Trade indicates to buying and selling of products and services for money or money’s worth. The manufacturers or produces the goods, then move on to the wholesaler, then to the retailer and finally to the ultimate consumer. Trade is essential for the fulfillment of human needs; Trade is conducted not only for the sake of earning a profit; it also provides service to the user. Trade is an important collective activity because society needs an uninterrupted supply of goods forever increasing and ever-changing, but never-ending human wants. It increases the average of living of buyers. So we can say that trade is a very important social activity.

Trade can be apart into following two types:

• Internal or Domestic Trade, which can be farther sub-divided into two classes:

ü Wholesale Trade

ü Retail Trade

• External or International Trade, which can be farther sub-divided into three classes:

ü Export Trade

ü Import Trade

ü Entrepot Trade

What is Commerce?

Commerce is that factor of the business, which is concerned with the transactions of products and services and includes all those actions which directly or indirectly promote that exchange. Trade is the exchange of products or services for money or in kind, usually on a scale large enough to require transportation from place to place or across the city, state, or national boundaries. Commerce looks after the circulation form of the business. Whatever produced it must be obsessed; to facilitate this consumption, there must be a proper circulation channel. Here comes the commitment for commerce, which is concerned with the continuous buying and selling of goods and services. From a broad aspect, nations concerned with administering commerce in a way that increases the well-being of citizens, by providing jobs and generating beneficial products and services. Commerce commonly refers to the macroeconomic purchase and sale of products and services by large grouping at scale. The sale or purchase of an individual item by a user is described as a transaction, while commerce indicates to all transactions related to the purchase and sale of that thing in an economy. Maximum commerce is conducted internationally and represents the buying and selling of products between nations. In other words, commerce grasps all efforts, which are necessary to exchange products between producer and the ultimate consumer. It means that in commerce you are expected to produce (or acquire) a product, find a customer, execute a trade and report it.

Commerce has such main functions:

• It forms a link between contractors and users.
• It takes out a place and time gap between the producers and consumers.
• It assists the buyers and sellers in making and receiving payments and gives them credit facilities.
• By involving insurance, commerce provides protection and compensation to the insured against various types of risks.
• Through advertising, it makes people aware of the product and related particulars.

 (From: https://www.difference.wiki/trade-vs-commerce/)